A clarification from USA Rugby and World Rugby:

1. If a player is part of the ruck he may attempt to kick the ball:
   1. If he makes contact with a player on the ground which results in foul play, the sanction is a PK and possibly suspension/red card.
   2. If he kicks the ball out of the scrumhalf’s hands the sanction is a PK and possibly suspension/red card.
2. If a player is not part of the ruck and then steps over or comes around the side of the ruck and kicks the ball:
   1. PK and possibly suspension.
   2. If he makes contact with a player on the ground which results in foul play, the sanction is a PK and possibly suspension/red card.
   3. If he kicks the ball out of the scrumhalf’s hands the sanction is a PK and possibly suspension/red card.